Stackable DeFi Primitives

Stackable DeFi Primitives Unlock a New Liquidity Layer

“Structured Finance” is the process of abstraction: utilizing layers of liquidity mechanisms to achieve full risk transfer, like thermal dynamics but for finance, only achievable on-chain through stackable, composable DeFi primitives. USD.AI and the corresponding token representations (USDai and sUSDai) represent the latest progression of the legacy MetaStreet architecture & ecosystem around on-chain structured credit products.

Given the nature of capital market assets (low mark-to-market), USD.AI rebuilds the entire DeFi stack to be oracleless & made for capital assets rather than just money assets (spot market & oracle-based) designed around three pillars:

1. CALIBER — a framework for tokenization or Yield. Creating the ability to tokenize previously un-tokenizable assets

2. FiLo — a process for risk curation or Scale. Allowing future asset financing demand to be vetted and publicly funded

3. QEV — a system for liquidity or Redemption. Allowing fair and transparent access to liquidity

Below is a detailed timeline and evolution of these stackable DeFi Primitives:

Lending Without Price Oracles → CALIBER

• Automatic Tranche Maker or "ATM" (like Uniswap v3 for oracleless swaps) enables oracleless lending for low-liquidity assets (NFTs, RWAs, etc)

• Launched in 2023, reached $3mm TVL

Long-dated, Yield-Bearing Loans → QEV

• Liquid Credit Token or "LCT" (similar to Lido) enables trading of yield-bearing tranche positions, “rebases” upon loan repayments

• Launched in 2024, reached $60mm TVL

Modular Underwriting (RWA Asset Origination) → CALIBER & FiLo

• ObjectSDK (comparable to Morpho Blue for DePIN/RWAs) enables modular underwriting system for low latency appraisals & amortization schedules

• Launched in 2024, enabled 20 new assets

Yield Splitting Without Spot LP → CALIBER

• Yield Pass (similar to Pendle but for NFTs) strips & isolates yields but for productive illiquid assets, such as Node Licenses

• Launched in 2024, reached $202mm TVL

USD.AI Synthetic Dollar for Unified Liquidity Layer (CALIBER & FiLo)

• USD.AI (like “GLP/HLP” - a single token for multiple collateral types) is a yield-bearing synthetic dollar backed by loans against AI hardware (InfraFi)

  • Targeting 10-15% APR, but initially starting as a T-Bill yield-bearing product with plans to progressively diversify collateral base to InfraFi assets

• Launched in 2025, current TVL can be viewed at https://app.usd.ai/dashboard

Queue Extractable Value (QEV) to Optimize Redemption Liquidity

• QEV-Boost – a liquidity incentive system based on epoch timing (similar to Flashbots) that improves USD.AI liquidity allocation through market-driven queue ordering

  • Structured redemption queue based on payment schedules

    • Stakers can bid in QEV auctions for priority access to liquidity

    • Fair distribution through proportional queue advancement

    • Passive stakers earn rewards from smoothed yields and auction fees

• Target: Enhance redemption efficiency to earn up to 3% of protocol yield via QEV prioritization

For those who are curious on how the structure was created at the smart contract level please see the original documentation: docs.metastreet.xyz

MetaStreet protocol was designed through the theory of Object Oriented Finance. Nansen report is here: https://research.nansen.ai/articles/object-oriented-finance